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We take water for granted, without it we would soon die. We waste it, and we even pay too much to drink it from little plastic bottles. And still, today, nearly 1 billion people in the developing world don't have access to clean, safe water. Developed countries have essentially eradicated diseases such as cholera, typhoid and malaria, but in developing nations, these and other waterborne illnesses kill 5 million people each year -- 6,000 children every day. And global warming is exacerbating this crisis as severe, prolonged droughts dry up water supplies in arid regions and heavy rains cause sewage overflows. In terms of the sheer number of people affected, the lack of access to safe water and basic sanitation is a massive problem. However, it is a problem with proven solutions.
At any one time, half of the world's hospital beds are occupied by patients suffering from water-borne diseases.
Over one-third of the world's population has no access to sanitation facilities.
In developing countries, about 80% of illnesses are linked to poor water and sanitation conditions.
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1 out of every 4 deaths under the age of 5 worldwide is due to a water-related disease. In developing country, it is common for water collectors, usually women and girls, to have to walk several kilometers every day to fetch water. Once filled, pots and jerry cans weigh as much as 20kg (44lbs).
If you had to suffer the same ordeal fetching water as most people in the developing countries do. You would stop taking water for granted and start finding ways to conserving your consumption.
Saving water goes hand in hand with saving energy because bringing water into your house requires energy. Not only that, but conserving water now can help prevent or lessen the impact of a drought later. And there are a number of simple ways to conserve water.
1. Collect the water you use for rinsing your fruit and vegetables, reuse it to water your garden and house plants.
2. Install water butts to collect rain water for your garden.
3. When washing and rinsing dishes by hand, don’t leave the tap running use two bowls or sinks. Use one for washing and one for rinsing.
4. Turn the tap off when cleaning your teeth.
5. Shorten the time you spend in the shower. Old style shower heads use 5 to 7 gals (22 to 31 litres)
6. Upgrade older toilets with efficient low flow models.
7. When washing your hands, don’t leave the tap running.
8. Don’t install or use fountains or other water ornaments, unless they use recycled water.
9. Only use your washing machine and dishwasher when they are full.
10. Keep a check on your water bills for unusually high usage.
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Scientists all over the world are working on sources of alternative energy to reduce our needs for fossil fuels.
We know that sunlight, wind and geothermal sources of energy are better for everyone.
The word geothermal comes from the Greek words geo (earth) and therme (heat). So, geothermal energy is heat from within the earth.
We can use the steam and hot water produced inside the earth to heat buildings or generate electricity. Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source because the water is replenished by rainfall and the heat is continuously produced inside the earth. Find an Alternative Energy for your needs, Green DIY Energy [Open in new window]
But they also need better utilization of power. Solid oxide efficient fuel cells (SOFCs) seem promising enough for both stationary and mobile applications. Stationary use can cover residential applications to power plants.
Mobile applications contain energy for ships at sea and in space, as well as for automobiles.
Another advantage of the SOFCs is when they are working in reverse manner as solid oxide electrolyser cells they create pure hydrogen by splitting water.
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The reactants flow into the cell, and the reaction products flow out of it, while the electrolyte remains within it.
Fuel cells can operate virtually continuously as long as the necessary flows are maintained.
Fuel cells are different from electrochemical cell batteries in that they consume reactant from an external source, which must be replenished. – a thermodynamically open system.
By contrast, batteries store electrical energy chemically and hence represent a thermodynamically closed system.
Many combinations of fuels and oxidants are possible. A hydrogen fuel cell uses hydrogen as its fuel and oxygen (usually from air) as its oxidant.
Other fuels include hydrocarbons and alcohols. Other oxidants include chlorine and chlorine dioxide By definition, the process of any fuel cell could be reversed. However, a given fuel cell is usually optimized for operating in one mode and may not be built in such a way that it can be operated backwards. Fuel cells operated backwards generally do not make very efficient systems unless they are purpose-built to do so as in solid oxide electrolyser cells, high pressure electrolysers, unitized regenerative fuel cells and regenerative fuel cells.
Find an Alternative Energy for your needs, Green DIY Energy [Open in new window] Solid oxide electrolyser cells operate at temperatures for high-temperature electrolysis, typically between 500 and 850°C similar to SOFC.
Advantages of this class of regenerative fuel cells include high efficiencies, long term stability, fuel flexibility, low emissions, and cost.
The largest disadvantage is the high operating temperature which results in longer start up times and mechanical/chemical compatibility issues. Electrolysis of water is increasingly endothermic with temperature; electricity demand is reduced because the joule heat of an electrolysis cell is utilized in the water splitting process at high temperature.
Although the term may be applied to simple solar hot water panels, it is usually used to denote more complex installations.
There are various types of thermal collectors, such as solar parabolic, solar trough and solar towers. These types of collectors are generally used in solar power plants where solar heat is used to generate electricity by heating water to produce steam which drives a turbine connected to a generator. And geothermal sources.
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As the global population increases and developing countries expand their economies, demand for energy is set to double, perhaps even triple by 2050.
With renewable energy sources lagging behind what we need, the world is likely to continue relying on its restricted resources for the bulk of its power generation. Coal – fired power stations currently provide 40 % of the world’s electricity. As the production of oil and natural gas decreases in the coming decade, coal production may rise by up to 30%.
However, while it’s arguably the most reliable source of energy, it’s also the dirtiest. So carbon capture sequestration technology, which has the potential to trap up to 09% of CO2 emissions, as well as filtering sulphur, will be essential.
. "Carbon sequestration" is the term given to a suite of technologies that can remove CO2 from large point sources, such as power plants, oil refineries and industrial processes, or from the air itself.
The CO2 can then be stored in geologic formations such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs, deep coal seams or saline reservoirs. It can also be stored in plants, trees and soils by increasing their natural CO2 uptake.
Because carbon sequestration holds the potential both to reduce emissions of CO2 from point sources and to remove CO2 from the air, sequestration research has grown over the last five years from small-scale, largely conceptual studies, to one of the highest single technology priorities.
In addition, new nuclear power stations, a newly developing hydrogen economy ( to fuel cars and other mobile devices ), combined with photovoltaic technology that’s significantly cheaper and more efficient than what’s currently available, will be required to keep the world’s wheels turning.
Today, 1.6 billion people have no access to electricity – a major setback to economic development. Prospects for the next three decades are not promising either. Around ninety five percent population growth in the developing world over this period will occur in cities and towns areas.
Find out how you could reduce your carbon footprint by building your own Solar Power Energy system. [Open in new window]
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